{"id":546,"date":"2021-05-24T16:05:20","date_gmt":"2021-05-24T16:05:20","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.sinankumlamamakineleri.com\/?page_id=546"},"modified":"2021-05-28T09:02:35","modified_gmt":"2021-05-28T09:02:35","slug":"s-s-s","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.sinankumlamamakineleri.com\/index.php\/s-s-s\/","title":{"rendered":"s.s.s"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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S\u0131k\u00e7a Sorulan Sorular<\/h4>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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En s\u0131k sorulan sorular ve cevaplar<\/h5>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tKumlama Nedir?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t

Y\u00fczey temizleme i\u015flemlerinde tercih edilen en \u00f6nemli y\u00f6ntemlerdendir. Kumlama, a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n y\u00fczeye belli h\u0131z ve a\u00e7\u0131yla p\u00fcsk\u00fcrt\u00fclmesi i\u015flemidir. \u00c7arpma esnas\u0131nda a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131, y\u00fczeyi mikron seviyesinde a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131rken ayn\u0131 zamanda y\u00fczeydeki her t\u00fcrl\u00fc istenmeyen maddeyi de kaz\u0131r ve temizler.<\/p>

\u00dclkemizde kaplama \u00f6ncesi p\u00fcr\u00fczlendirme ve y\u00fczey sonland\u0131rmada yeni yeni kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015f ama en \u00f6nemli s\u0131ray\u0131 alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>

\u00d6nceleri deniz kumunun bas\u0131n\u00e7la y\u00fczeye f\u0131rlat\u0131lmas\u0131 olarak bilinen kumlama, sonralar\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fitli gran\u00fcl ve malzemeye uygun makinalar\u0131n tasarlanmas\u0131yla sanayimizin geli\u015fmesinde \u00f6nemli bir rol edinmi\u015ftir.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tVakumlu Kumlama ve Vakumlu Kumlama Kabini Nedir?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t

Vakumlu kumlama, bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 havan\u0131n vakum etkisinden faydalanmakt\u0131r. Bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 hava, kumlama tabancas\u0131 ad\u0131 verilen aparat\u0131n i\u00e7inden ge\u00e7irilmek suretiyle, tabancan\u0131n alt k\u0131sm\u0131daki bo\u015fluktan vakum yap\u0131lmas\u0131 sa\u011flan\u0131r. Bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 havan\u0131n yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 vakum etkisiyle emilen sarf malzemelerin yine bu tabancan\u0131n i\u00e7inde hava ve kum kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131larak y\u00fczeye p\u00fcsk\u00fcrt\u00fclmesi i\u015flemine vakumlu kumlama denir.<\/p>

Bu i\u015flem, p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtme ve \u00f6zel filtre sistemi ile donat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, kumlama tabacas\u0131 ile birlikte bir kabinde yap\u0131lmas\u0131 uygundur.<\/p>

Kumlama kabinlerinde temel prensip alt haznede biriken kumun, i\u00e7inden bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 hava ge\u00e7irilerek kumlama tabancas\u0131 vas\u0131tas\u0131yla emilerek p\u00fcsk\u00fcrt\u00fclmesidir.<\/p>

Vakumlu kumlama kabini, de\u011fi\u015fik \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclerde yap\u0131labilen vakumlu kumlama prensibiyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan kabinlerdir.<\/p>

Operat\u00f6r kabin i\u00e7ine koruyucu eldiven vas\u0131tas\u0131yla ellerini sokar ve bir eliyle kumlayaca\u011f\u0131 malzemeyi, di\u011fer eliyle de kumlama tabancas\u0131n\u0131 tutarak kumlama i\u015flemini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirir. Havan\u0131n kontrol\u00fc kabinin \u00f6n\u00fcne konan ayak pedal\u0131 ile ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilir. Bu tip kabinler \u00f6zellikle elle tutulabilecek kadar k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck par\u00e7alar\u0131n kumlanmas\u0131nda olduk\u00e7a etkilidir.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tY\u00fczey \u0130\u015flem Uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131n Avantaj\u0131 Nelerdir ?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t

– Y\u00fczey her t\u00fcrl\u00fc pas, ya\u011f ve kirden ara\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>

– Yap\u0131lan i\u015flemler sayesinde y\u00fczeyde p\u00fcr\u00fczl\u00fcl\u00fck olu\u015fmu\u015f, y\u00fczey alan\u0131 artt\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve boyan\u0131n iyi bir \u015fekilde yap\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015f olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>

– Boya tabakas\u0131nda \u00e7e\u015fitli nedenlerle olu\u015fabilecek k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7izilme ve bozulmalar sonucu bu zay\u0131f noktadan ba\u015flayabilecek, ve boya alt\u0131nda devam edebilecek paslanmalar b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde engellenmi\u015f olur.<\/p>

– Metal rahat i\u015flenmeye uygun hale getirilmi\u015f olur.<\/p>

– Pas \u00f6nleyici ya\u011flarla korozyon direnci artt\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olur.<\/p>

– Hareketli par\u00e7alar i\u00e7in koruma direnci ve kayd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k artt\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>

– Metal ile kaplama aras\u0131nda \u0131s\u0131sal genle\u015fmeden dolay\u0131 olu\u015fan ani de\u011fi\u015fiklikler en aza indirilmi\u015f olur.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tManyetik Separat\u00f6r Nedir?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t

Malzeme i\u00e7inde bulunan manyetik minerallerin kazan\u0131lmas\u0131 ya da istenmeyen manyetik par\u00e7alar\u0131n elenmesi, tutulmas\u0131 i\u015flemini yapan elektromanyetik ay\u0131r\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>

Kullan\u0131m\u0131 \u00e7ok \u00f6ncelere dayanan bu y\u00f6ntem ay\u0131rmadan daha \u00e7ok zenginle\u015ftirme i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lmaktayd\u0131. Son y\u0131llarda geli\u015ftirilen iletkenler ile manyetik ay\u0131rma y\u00f6ntemi de geli\u015fmi\u015f ve en y\u00fcksek manyetik alan \u015fiddeti \u00e7\u0131tas\u0131 epey y\u00fckseltilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>

Bu durum manyetik duyarl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olan minerallerin bile zenginle\u015ftirilmesine olanak sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>

Ayr\u0131ca ay\u0131rma boyutlar\u0131 da bir ka\u00e7 mikron seviyelerine kadar d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f ve koloidal yap\u0131daki \u00e7amurlardan demirli minerallerin ayr\u0131lmas\u0131na olanak sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSeparat\u00f6r Nedir?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t

Seperat\u00f6r s\u00f6zl\u00fck anlam\u0131; ay\u0131r\u0131c\u0131, ay\u0131rma ayg\u0131t\u0131, ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>

Kumlama makinelerinde de kullan\u0131lan seperat\u00f6r\u00fcn 3 ana fonksiyonu vard\u0131r.<\/p>

1. Temizleme h\u0131z\u0131 dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u00fcretim maliyetlerini direk etkileyen kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m i\u00e7indeki a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc kontrol eder.<\/p>

2. Bak\u0131m maliyetlerini etkileyen kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mdaki istenmeyen toz vb. yabanc\u0131 maddelerin uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 kontrol eder.<\/p>

3. A\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 maliyetini etkileyen kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m i\u00e7erisindeki tanecik b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc kontrol eder.<\/p>

Kumlama makinesinde Seperat\u00f6r ;<\/p>

Manyetik Elekli,<\/p>

D\u00f6ner Elekli,<\/p>

Serbest D\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015fl\u00fc olarak farkl\u0131 tasarlanabilir.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRotary Motor Nedir?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t

Rotary valfler, tala\u015fl\u0131 ve tanecikli malzemelerin filtreden veya seperat\u00f6rden gelen tozun bo\u015falt\u0131lmas\u0131nda, ayr\u0131ca \u00e7e\u015fitli ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131 transport hatlar\u0131nda beslenme donan\u0131m\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Malzemelerin cinsine g\u00f6re hangi t\u00fcr rotary valfin kullan\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n hesaplanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in transfer edilecek malzemelerin fiziksel karakterinin bilinmesi gerekmektedir. ( tane irili\u011fi, tane sertli\u011fi, malzeme ak\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, malzeme s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131, malzeme yo\u011funlu\u011fu vb. )<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tBas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 Kumlama Nedir?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t

Kaplama \u00f6ncesi p\u00fcr\u00fczlendirme veya y\u00fczey sonland\u0131rma amac\u0131yla uygulanan, bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 hava veya su gibi ak\u0131\u015fkanlarla y\u00fczeye gran\u00fcl olarak tabir etti\u011fimiz kum, al\u00fcminyum oksit, cam tozu, kay\u0131s\u0131 \u00e7ekirde\u011fi, plastik medya, \u00e7elik bilya vb. malzemelerin p\u00fcsk\u00fcrt\u00fclmesi olarak tan\u0131mlanabilir.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tA\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 Malzemelerin S\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve \u00d6zellikleri<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t

A\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n S\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131<\/p>

Farkl\u0131 t\u00fcrlerde kumlama yapmak i\u00e7in \u00e7ok say\u0131da a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 maddeler kullan\u0131labilir. Temel olarak ise adland\u0131rmak istersek metal ve metal olmayan a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131lar olarak iki ana grupta toplayabiliriz.<\/p>

Hava ile yap\u0131lan kumlamalarda genelde metal olmayan a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131lar, t\u00fcrbinli kumlamalarda ise mutlak metal a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131lar kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>

A\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n \u00d6zellikleri<\/p>

\u0130yi bir kumlama temizli\u011fi i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 bir malzeme, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da belirtilen \u00f6zellikleri iyi olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>

A\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131s\u0131<\/p>

A\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n sertli\u011fi<\/p>

A\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n yo\u011funlu\u011fu<\/p>

Mekanik davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131<\/p>

Partik\u00fcl \u015fekli<\/p>

Partik\u00fcl b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131<\/p>

Ortalama tane boyutu<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tKumlama Y\u00f6ntemleri<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t

Kumlama ile temizleme y\u00f6ntemleri, korozyon koruma uygulamalar\u0131ndan \u00f6nce yap\u0131lan i\u015flemlerdir. Kumlama ile temizlik y\u00f6ntemleri ve kullan\u0131lan cihaz tipi kullan\u0131lan a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n p\u00fcsk\u00fcrt\u00fclme y\u00f6ntemi ile tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kumlama y\u00f6ntemlerinde a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131lar farkl\u0131 y\u00f6ntemlerle p\u00fcsk\u00fcrt\u00fcl\u00fcr. A\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131larla temizlik yap\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in temizlik yap\u0131lacak y\u00fczey hedef al\u0131narak yap\u0131lmak zorundad\u0131r<\/p>

Bu y\u00f6ntemler a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibidir.<\/p>

Kuru A\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 ile Kumlama Y\u00f6ntemleri<\/p>

– Santrif\u00fcjle a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 p\u00fcsk\u00fcrterek temizlik<\/p>

– Bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 hava ile beraber a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 p\u00fcsk\u00fcrterek temizlik<\/p>

– Vakum emi\u015f veya kafa a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 kumlama<\/p>

Kuru A\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n \u0130\u00e7ine Nem Enjekte Ederek Kumlama Y\u00f6ntemleri<\/p>

– S\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131m\u0131\u015f hava i\u00e7erisine \u0131slak a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rarak kumlama<\/p>

– Bulama\u00e7 haline getirilmi\u015f a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 ile kumlama<\/p>

– Bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 s\u0131v\u0131 ile kumlama<\/p>

Kaplama sistemleri uygulanacak y\u00fczeyler genelde kumlama ile temizlenir. Kumlama yap\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra y\u00fczeyler kaplama yap\u0131l\u0131rsa korozyona kar\u015f\u0131 daha dayan\u0131kl\u0131 olurlar.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tBas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 Kumlama Sistemini \u00c7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131racak Kompres\u00f6r De\u011ferleri Nedir?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t

BAR<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/td>

KW<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/td>

HP<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/td>

LT\/DAK.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/td>

TANK<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

6-8<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/td>

37<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/td>

50<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/td>

6000<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/td>

1000-1200 LT<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tBas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 ve Vakumlu Kumlaman\u0131n Fark\u0131 ve Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t

\"\"<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tEnd\u00fcstriyel Fan Nedir?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t
Sanayide kullan\u0131lan fanlar, ortamdaki kirli havay\u0131 temizleyerek de\u011fi\u015ftirmek amac\u0131yla kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Bunu yaparken \u0131s\u0131, do\u011fal ak\u0131m veya kuvvetli bir bas\u0131n\u00e7 kullan\u0131l\u0131r. B\u00f6ylelikle bulunulan ortamdaki kirli havay\u0131 vakumlama yoluyla d\u0131\u015far\u0131 atar veya temizlenmi\u015f havay\u0131 tekrar ortama verilmesini sa\u011flar.<\/div>

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Sanayide kullan\u0131lan end\u00fcstriyel fanlar, belirli miktardaki kirli havay\u0131 ihtiya\u00e7 duyulan h\u0131zda ortamdan ta\u015f\u0131yarak kirli havan\u0131n bu ortamdan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in tasarlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu bak\u0131mdan ortam hacminin boyutu, temizlenecek malzemin t\u00fcr\u00fc g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurularak farkl\u0131 tasar\u0131mlar olu\u015fturulabilir.<\/div>

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Sanayide en \u00e7ok kullan\u0131lan fan t\u00fcrleri ;<\/div>

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Radyal Fanlar<\/div>

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Salyangoz Tip Fanlar<\/div>

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Kabin Tip Fanlar<\/div>

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olarak s\u0131ralayabiliriz.<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tHaddeleme Nedir?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t

D\u00f6ner iki adet rulonun basma kuvvetinin etkisiyle araya giren malzemeye so\u011fuk yada s\u0131cak olarak \u015fekil vermesine verilen isimdir.<\/p>

Haddeleme yoluyla ; k\u00f6\u015febent, kare, kesit, yuvarlak, \u00e7okgen, yass\u0131 ve ray gibi \u00fcr\u00fcnleri \u00fcretebilirsiniz.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIP Koruma S\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 Nedir?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t

IP koruma \u00f6zelli\u011fi Elektro-Teknik Standartlar Komitesi (CENELEC) taraf\u0131ndan muhafazal\u0131 elektrik \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin \u00e7evre \u015fartlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 olan dayanakl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belli bir standarda oturtmak amac\u0131yla olu\u015fturulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>

IP koruma s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 2 veya 3 rakamdan olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>

\u0130lk rakam kat\u0131 cisimlere ve malzemelere kar\u015f\u0131 olan dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/div><\/p>

\u0130kinci rakam s\u0131v\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 olan dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/div><\/p>

\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc rakam mekanik etkilere kar\u015f\u0131 olan dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6sterir.<\/div><\/p>

Kat\u0131 Cisimlere Kar\u015f\u0131 Olan Koruma Derecesi – \u0130lk Rakam<\/div><\/p>

0 – Herhangi bir koruma yok<\/p>

1 – 500 mm den b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7apa sahip kat\u0131 cisimlere kar\u015f\u0131 koruma (\u00d6r : Elle dokunmak)<\/p>

2 – 12 mm den b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7apa sahip kat\u0131 cisimlere kar\u015f\u0131 koruma (\u00d6r : Parmakla dokunmak )<\/p>

3 – 2,5 mm den b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7apa sahip kat\u0131 cisimlere kar\u015f\u0131 koruma (\u00d6r : Tel, kablo vb.)<\/p>

4 – 1 mm den b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7apa sahip kat\u0131 cisimlere kar\u015f\u0131 koruma (\u00d6r : El aleti, ince tel, kablo)<\/p>

5 – Toza kar\u015f\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 koruma (\u00d6r : \u00dczerinde a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 toz birikiminin olmamas\u0131)<\/p>

6 – Toza kar\u015f\u0131 tam koruma.

S\u0131v\u0131lara Kar\u015f\u0131 Olan Koruma Derecesi – \u0130kinci Rakam<\/div><\/p>

0 – Herhangi bir koruma yok<\/div><\/p>

1 – Dik olarak damlayan suya kar\u015f\u0131 koruma<\/div><\/p>

2 – 15 derece dikey a\u00e7\u0131yla p\u00fcsk\u00fcrt\u00fclen suya kar\u015f\u0131 koruma<\/div><\/p>

3 – 60 dereceye kadar olan dikey a\u00e7\u0131yla p\u00fcsk\u00fcrt\u00fclen suya kar\u015f\u0131 koruma<\/div><\/p>

4 – Her y\u00f6nden ve a\u00e7\u0131dan p\u00fcsk\u00fcrt\u00fclen suya kar\u015f\u0131 koruma<\/div><\/p>

5 – Her y\u00f6nden ve a\u00e7\u0131dan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 su jetine kar\u015f\u0131 koruma<\/div><\/p>

6 – Bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 su jetine kar\u015f\u0131 koruma<\/p>

7 – 15 cm ile 1 mt aras\u0131ndaki suya dald\u0131r\u0131p \u00e7\u0131karmaya kar\u015f\u0131 koruma<\/p>

8 – Su alt\u0131nda uzun s\u00fcre kalmaya kar\u015f\u0131 koruma<\/p>

Mekanik Etkilere Kar\u015f\u0131 Olan Koruma – \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Rakam<\/p>

0 – Herhangi bir koruma yok<\/p>

1 – 0,225 jull\u00fck bir mekanik etkiye kar\u015f\u0131 koruma (150 graml\u0131k bir cismin 15 cm den d\u00fc\u015fmesine e\u015fde\u011fer)<\/p>

2 – 0,375 jull\u00fck bir mekanik etkiye kar\u015f\u0131 koruma (250 graml\u0131k bir cismin 15 cm den d\u00fc\u015fmesine e\u015fde\u011fer)<\/p>

3 – 0,5 jull\u00fck bir mekanik etkiye kar\u015f\u0131 koruma (250 graml\u0131k bir cismin 20 cm den d\u00fc\u015fmesine e\u015fde\u011fer)<\/p>

4 – 2 jull\u00fck bir mekanik etkiye kar\u015f\u0131 koruma (500 graml\u0131k bir cismin 40 cm den d\u00fc\u015fmesine e\u015fde\u011fer)<\/p>

5 – 6 jull\u00fck bir mekanik etkiye kar\u015f\u0131 koruma (1500 graml\u0131k bir cismin 40 cm den d\u00fc\u015fmesine e\u015fde\u011fer)<\/p>

6 – 20 jull\u00fck bir mekanik etkiye kar\u015f\u0131 koruma (5000 graml\u0131k bir cismin 40 cm den d\u00fc\u015fmesine e\u015fde\u011fer)<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIs\u0131l \u0130\u015flem Nedir?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t
K\u0131saca, bir metal veya ala\u015f\u0131ma istenilen baz\u0131 \u00f6zellikleri kazand\u0131rmak amac\u0131yla metalin \u0131s\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra so\u011futulmas\u0131 i\u015flemidir.<\/div>

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Is\u0131l i\u015flem s\u0131ras\u0131nda malzeme \u0131s\u0131tma, belirli bir s\u0131cakl\u0131kta tutulma ve ard\u0131ndan so\u011futulma i\u015flemlerinden ge\u00e7irilir. i\u015flemin y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ortam da \u00f6nemlidir, baz\u0131 kimyasal de\u011fi\u015fmelere sebep olabilir.<\/div>

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Is\u0131l i\u015flem g\u00f6ren malzemenin yap\u0131s\u0131 y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131kta ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131kta farkl\u0131 \u00f6zellikler g\u00f6steriyorsa bu taktirde so\u011futma h\u0131z\u0131 da \u00f6nem kazan\u0131r.<\/div>

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I\u015f\u0131l i\u015flem, demirin ala\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131na ve demir d\u0131\u015f\u0131 metal veya ala\u015f\u0131mlara uygulanabilir. Demir ala\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n allotropik yap\u0131s\u0131, \u0131\u015f\u0131l i\u015flemlerine bir avantaj getirmektedir. Bir malzemenin de\u011fi\u015fik kristal bi\u00e7imlerinde bulunabilmesine allotropi, her bir kristal yap\u0131ya da allotrop denir.<\/div>

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Sertlik, s\u00fcreklilik, dayan\u0131kl\u0131k ve parlakl\u0131k gibi \u00f6zellikleri kazand\u0131rmak ve \u00e7elikteki gerilimleri azaltmak metali daha \u00f6nceden tespit edilmi\u015f bir s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011fa getirdikten sonra h\u0131zl\u0131, orta h\u0131zda veya yava\u015f\u00e7a so\u011futmakla m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olur.<\/div>

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Is\u0131l i\u015flemler ba\u015fl\u0131ca \u00fc\u00e7 ayr\u0131 tepkime yoluyla ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir. Bunlar ya\u015flanma (\u00e7\u00f6kelme) tepkimesi, allotropik tepkime ve ayr\u0131\u015fma tepkimesidir.<\/div>

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\u00c7\u00f6kelme, ana metalin i\u00e7indeki bir eleman\u0131n y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131ktaki \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131ktakine nispetle daha y\u00fcksek olmas\u0131 durumunda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. Bu i\u015flemde malzeme, bir eleman\u0131n daha fazla \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnebilece\u011fi y\u00fcksek bir s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011fa getirilir. Fazla \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f elaman\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6kelerek yap\u0131y\u0131 bozmas\u0131n\u0131 engellemek amac\u0131yla suya dald\u0131rma suretiyle h\u0131zl\u0131 so\u011futma i\u015flemi uygulan\u0131r. Bu \u015fekilde so\u011futulan malzeme uygun bir s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011fa yeniden \u0131s\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00e7\u00f6kelme olu\u015fur. \u00c7\u00f6kelme \u015fartlar\u0131 kontrol edilerek \u00e7\u00f6kelen par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131n boyutlar\u0131 ve \u00f6zellikleri istenilen bi\u00e7imde de\u011fi\u015ftirilebilir.<\/div>

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Allotropik tepkimeye en bariz misal demir ala\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n \u0131s\u0131l i\u015flemleridir. Genel olarak baz\u0131 metallerin \u0131s\u0131nmas\u0131 ve so\u011fumas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda bir kristal bi\u00e7imden ba\u015fka bir kristal bi\u00e7imine ge\u00e7ilir. \u00c7eliklerde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan bu \u00f6zellik \u00e7eliklerin \u0131s\u0131l i\u015fleminin temelini meydana getirir. Mesela y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131kta \u00f6stenit \u00e7eli\u011fi, demir olarak bilinen kristal yap\u0131s\u0131ndad\u0131r. \u00c7elik so\u011futuldu\u011funda ferrit olarak bilinen demir ile sementit olarak bilinen demir karb\u00fcr kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr. So\u011futman\u0131n h\u0131z\u0131 \u00f6stenitin d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesini etkiler ve \u00e7eli\u011fin niteliklerini belirler.<\/div>

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Ayr\u0131\u015fma tepkimesinde ise ala\u015f\u0131m\u0131n baz\u0131 elemanlar\u0131 daha iyi niteliklere sahip bir veya daha fazla elemana ayr\u0131\u015f\u0131rlar. Bu i\u015flem, beyaz d\u00f6kme demir olarak bilinen sert ve k\u0131r\u0131lgan olan d\u00f6kme demirden d\u00f6v\u00fclebilir ve d\u00f6kme demir elde edilmesinde b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131r.<\/div>

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T\u00fcrk Standartlar\u0131 Enstit\u00fcs\u00fcne g\u00f6re ise tan\u0131m\u0131 (TS 1112), kat\u0131 haldeki metal veya ala\u015f\u0131mlara belirli \u00f6zellikler kazand\u0131rmak amac\u0131yla bir veya daha \u00e7ok say\u0131da, yerine g\u00f6re birbiri pe\u015fine zamanlanarak uygulanan \u0131s\u0131tma ve so\u011futma i\u015flemleri olarak verilmektedir.<\/div>

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\u00c7eliklere uygulanan b\u00fct\u00fcn temel \u0131s\u0131l i\u015flemler, i\u00e7 yap\u0131n\u0131n d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc ile ilgilidir. D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin t\u00fcr\u00fc, bile\u015fimi ve metalografik yap\u0131s\u0131 \u00e7eli\u011fin fiziksel ve mekanik \u00f6zelliklerini b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde etkiler. Ba\u015fka bir deyi\u015fle; bir \u00e7eli\u011fin fiziksel ve mekanik \u00f6zellikleri i\u00e7erdi\u011fi d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin cinsine, miktar\u0131na ve metalografik yap\u0131s\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/div>

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Is\u0131l i\u015flem uygulamalar\u0131 f\u0131r\u0131nlarda yap\u0131l\u0131r. Farkl\u0131 \u00f6zelliklerde olan f\u0131r\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitleri mevcuttur.<\/div>

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ISIL \u0130\u015eLEM\u0130N GENEL UYGULAMALARI<\/div>

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Is\u0131tma<\/div>

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Is\u0131t\u0131lan S\u0131cakl\u0131kta Bekletme<\/div>

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So\u011futma<\/div>

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ISIL \u0130\u015eLEM UYGULAMALARI<\/b><\/div>

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1-GER\u0130L\u0130M G\u0130DERME TAVI (STRESS RELIEF ANNEAL)<\/b><\/div>

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Gerilim giderme tav\u0131 \u015fekil verme, d\u00f6k\u00fcm veya kaynak i\u015flemlerinden do\u011fan i\u00e7 gerilmeleri azaltmak amac\u0131 ile \u00e7elik par\u00e7alar\u0131, genellikle 550-650\u00baC aras\u0131nda \u0131s\u0131tma ve sonra yava\u015f yava\u015f so\u011futma i\u015flemidir.<\/div>

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2-NORMAL\u0130ZE TAVI (NORMALIZE ANNEALING)<\/b><\/div>

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Normalize tav\u0131 \u00e7elik malzemenin kristal yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 daha homojen, daha ince bir hale getirmek ve bir sonraki \u0131s\u0131l i\u015fleminde karb\u00fcr\u00fcn uygun \u015fekilde da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak amac\u0131yla \u00e7eli\u011fin kritik s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n (yeniden kristalle\u015fme s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131) 40-60\u00baC \u00fcst\u00fcnde tavlan\u0131p havada so\u011futulmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/div>

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3-SU VERME \u0130\u015eLEM\u0130 (QUENCHING PROCESS)<\/b><\/div>

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Belli bir s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011fa kadar (genellikle 850-1100\u00baC) \u0131s\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00e7eli\u011fin cinsine g\u00f6re su, ya\u011f veya tuz banyolar\u0131nda so\u011futularak martensit bir yap\u0131 sa\u011flamas\u0131na su verme i\u015flemi denir. So\u011futma h\u0131z\u0131, par\u00e7an\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne, \u00e7eli\u011fin sertle\u015febilme yetene\u011fine ve su verme ortam\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak de\u011fi\u015fir. En fazla arzu edilen su verme h\u0131z\u0131, en uygun sertlik sa\u011flamaya yarayan en a\u011f\u0131r so\u011futma h\u0131z\u0131d\u0131r. So\u011futma h\u0131z\u0131 \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek olursa par\u00e7ada \u00e7atlaklar olu\u015fur, \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olmas\u0131 halinde de uygun sertlik elde edilemez.<\/div>

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4-MENEV\u0130\u015eLEME (AGE HARDENING)<\/b><\/div>

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Menevi\u015fleme, \u0131s\u0131l i\u015flem sonucu sertle\u015ftirilmi\u015f bir \u00e7elikteki su verme sonunda so\u011futmadan ileri gelen gerginlikleri giderme i\u015flemidir. \u00c7eli\u011fin sahip oldu\u011fu martensitik \u00f6zl\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ve direncini artt\u0131rmak i\u00e7in \u00e7elik genellikle 150-450\u00baC aras\u0131nda \u0131s\u0131t\u0131l\u0131r ve uygun bir h\u0131zla so\u011futularak gevrekli\u011fi giderilir. \u00c7atlamalar\u0131 en aza indirebilmek i\u00e7in menevi\u015f i\u015fleminin su verme i\u015fleminden hemen sonra yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/div>

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5-SEMENTASYON (Y\u00dcZEY SERTLE\u015eT\u0130RME)<\/b><\/div>

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Sementasyon i\u015flemi, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck karbonlu \u00e7elik par\u00e7as\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczeyine karbon emdirilmesi i\u015flemidir. Karbon emdirilmesi i\u015flemi, \u00e7elik par\u00e7as\u0131n\u0131n karbon monoksit (CO) i\u00e7eren bir ortamda \u00f6stenit faz s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131na (850-950\u00baC) kadar \u0131s\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131yla gaz-metal tepkimesi sonucu olu\u015fur.<\/div>

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\u00c7elik par\u00e7a, sementasyon s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda y\u00fczeyden \u00e7ekirde\u011fe do\u011fru karbon dif\u00fczyonunun istenen derinli\u011fe kadar ilerlemesi i\u00e7in yeterli s\u00fcre tutulur. Bu s\u00fcreye sementasyon zaman\u0131 ad\u0131 verilir. Bu s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde \u00e7elik par\u00e7an\u0131n y\u00fczeyinden i\u00e7eriye do\u011fru dif\u00fcz eden karbonun ilerleme derinli\u011fine sementasyon derinli\u011fi ad\u0131 verilir.<\/div>

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TAVLAMA NE DEMEKT\u0130R ( GER\u0130L\u0130M G\u0130DERME )<\/b><\/div>

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\u0130stenilen yap\u0131sal, fiziksel ve mekanik \u00f6zellikleri elde etmek ve tala\u015f kald\u0131rmay\u0131 veya so\u011fuk \u015fekillendirmeyi kolayla\u015ft\u0131rmak amac\u0131yla metal malzemelerin uygun s\u0131cakl\u0131klara kadar \u0131s\u0131t\u0131l\u0131p gerekli de\u011fi\u015fikler sa\u011flan\u0131ncaya kadar bu s\u0131cakl\u0131kta tutulmas\u0131 ve sonradan yava\u015f so\u011futulmas\u0131 i\u015flemine tavlama denir.<\/div>

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YUMU\u015eATMA TAVI<\/b><\/div>

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Yumu\u015fatma tav\u0131, \u00e7elik i\u00e7 yap\u0131s\u0131ndaki tane boyutunu k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclterek sertli\u011fi azaltmak, tala\u015f kald\u0131rmay\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131rmak veya d\u00f6k\u00fcm ve d\u00f6vme par\u00e7alar\u0131ndaki i\u00e7 gerilmeleri gidermektir. \u00d6tektoid alt\u0131 \u00e7elikleri Ac3, \u00f6tektoid \u00fcst\u00fc \u00e7elikleri ise Ac1 \u00e7izgilerinin \u00fczerindeki belirli s\u0131cakl\u0131klara kadar \u0131s\u0131t\u0131l\u0131r, i\u00e7 yap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 ostenite d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrd\u00fckten sonra f\u0131r\u0131n i\u00e7erisinde tutarak \u00e7ok yava\u015f so\u011futulur.<\/div>

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NORMAL\u0130ZASYON TAVI ( NORMALLE\u015eT\u0130RME )<\/b><\/div>

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Normalizasyon tav\u0131 genelde tane k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcltmek, homojen bir i\u00e7 yap\u0131 elde etmek ve \u00e7o\u011funlukla mekanik \u00f6zellikleri iyile\u015ftirmek amac\u0131yla \u00f6tektoid alt\u0131 \u00e7elikleri Ac3 ve \u00f6tektoid \u00fcst\u00fc \u00e7elikleri Acm d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak 40-50\u00baC \u00fcst\u00fcndeki s\u0131cakl\u0131klara kadar \u0131s\u0131t\u0131p ,tavland\u0131ktan sonra f\u0131r\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda sakin havada so\u011futma i\u015flemidir.<\/div>

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Normalizasyon tav\u0131n\u0131n belli ba\u015fl\u0131 ama\u00e7lar\u0131;<\/div>

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a)   tane k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcltmek,<\/div>

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b)   homojen bir i\u00e7 yap\u0131 elde etmek,<\/div>

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c)   \u00f6tektoid \u00fcst\u00fc \u00e7eliklerde tane s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131nda bulunan karb\u00fcr a\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da\u011f\u0131tmak,<\/div>

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d)   \u00e7eliklerin i\u015flenme \u00f6zelliklerini iyile\u015ftirmek,<\/div>

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e)   mekanik \u00f6zellikleri iyile\u015ftirmek<\/div>

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f)   yumu\u015fatma tav\u0131na tabi tutulmu\u015f \u00e7eliklerin sertlik ve mukavemetlerini art\u0131rmak<\/div>

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\u015feklinde s\u0131ralanabilir. Bu nedenlerle normalizasyon tav\u0131, \u00e7eliklere uygulanan son \u0131s\u0131l i\u015flem olabilir.<\/div>

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Yumu\u015fatma tav\u0131na tabi tutulan \u00f6tektoid \u00fcst\u00fc \u00e7eliklerin yap\u0131s\u0131nda olu\u015fan sementit a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n, bu \u00e7eliklerin mukavemetini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bilinmektedir. Normalizasyon tav\u0131, \u00f6tektoid \u00fcst\u00fc \u00e7eliklerdeki sementit a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n par\u00e7alanmas\u0131n\u0131 ve baz\u0131 durumlarda da b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde giderilmesini sa\u011flar. Bu nedenle, normalize edilen \u00e7eliklerin mukavemetinde art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/div>

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Normalizasyon tav\u0131nda, par\u00e7an\u0131n havada so\u011futulmas\u0131 nedeniyle nispeten y\u00fcksek so\u011fuma h\u0131z\u0131 elde edilir. Genelde, so\u011fuma h\u0131z\u0131 artt\u0131k\u00e7a ostenitin d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fer ve daha ince perlit elde edilir.<\/div>

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Ferrit \u00e7ok yumu\u015fak, sementit ise \u00e7ok sert bir fazd\u0131r. Normalize edilen \u00e7eli\u011fin yap\u0131s\u0131nda bulunan sementit katmanlar\u0131n\u0131n birbirine yak\u0131n veya s\u0131k olarak dizilmeleri nedeniyle \u00e7eli\u011fin sertli\u011fi artar. Bu nedenle, normalize edilen \u00e7eliklerin sertlik ve mukavemeti, yumu\u015fatma tav\u0131na tabi tutulan \u00e7eliklerin s\u00f6z konusu de\u011ferlerinden \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde y\u00fcksek olur.<\/div>

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K\u00dcRESELLE\u015eT\u0130RME TAVI<\/b><\/div>

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K\u00fcreselle\u015ftirme tav\u0131, \u00e7elikleri Ac1 s\u0131cakl\u0131k \u00e7izgisi civar\u0131nda uzun s\u00fcre tuttuktan ve bu b\u00f6lgede sal\u0131n\u0131ml\u0131 olarak tavlad\u0131ktan sonra, yava\u015f so\u011futma ile karb\u00fcrlerin k\u00fcresel \u015fekle d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesi i\u015flemidir. Bu i\u015flem, ostenitle\u015ftirmeden sonra kontroll\u00fc so\u011futma ile de yap\u0131labilir. Yumu\u015fatma tav\u0131 i\u015fleminde belirtildi\u011fi gibi, tavlanm\u0131\u015f durumdaki \u00f6tektoid \u00fcst\u00fc \u00e7elikler i\u00e7 yap\u0131lar\u0131nda sert ve gevrek sementit tanelerinin bulunmas\u0131 nedeniyle i\u015flenmeye elveri\u015fli de\u011fildir. Bu t\u00fcr \u00e7eliklerin i\u015flenmesini kolayla\u015ft\u0131rmak ve s\u00fcnekli\u011fini art\u0131rmak amac\u0131yla da k\u00fcreselle\u015ftirme tav\u0131 kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/div>

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K\u00fcreselle\u015ftirme tav\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki y\u00f6ntemlerden biri ile ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilir.<\/div>

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a)   \u00c7elik malzeme Ac1 \u00e7izgisinin hemen alt\u0131ndaki bir s\u0131cakl\u0131kta (\u00f6rne\u011fin 700\u00baC) uzun s\u00fcre (15-25 saat) tavlan\u0131r.<\/div>

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b)   \u00c7elik malzeme, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck kritik s\u0131cakl\u0131k \u00e7izgisinin (Ac1) hemen alt\u0131nda ve \u00fcst\u00fcndeki s\u0131cakl\u0131klar aras\u0131nda \u0131s\u0131t\u0131l\u0131p so\u011futulur, yani sal\u0131n\u0131ml\u0131 olarak tavlan\u0131r.<\/div>

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c)   Malzeme Ac1 kritik s\u0131cakl\u0131k \u00e7izgisinin \u00fczerindeki bir s\u0131cakl\u0131kta tavland\u0131ktan sonra ya f\u0131r\u0131nda \u00e7ok yava\u015f so\u011futulur, ya da Ac1 \u00e7izgisinin hemen alt\u0131ndaki bir s\u0131cakl\u0131kta uzunca bir s\u00fcre tutulur.<\/div>

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Y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131taki tavlama i\u015flemi, \u00e7eli\u011fin i\u00e7ersindeki perlitik yap\u0131 ile sementit a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n par\u00e7alanarak da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131na neden olur. K\u00fcreselle\u015ftirme tav\u0131 sonucunda, ferritik bir matris ile bunun i\u00e7ersinde da\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f durumda bulunan k\u00fcre bi\u00e7imindeki karb\u00fcrlerden olu\u015fan bir i\u00e7 yap\u0131 elde edilir. K\u00fcreselle\u015ftirme tav\u0131 sonunda \u00e7eli\u011fin sertli\u011fi azal\u0131r, buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k s\u00fcnekli\u011fi artar. Bu i\u015flem sonucunda, \u00f6tektoid \u00fcst\u00fc \u00e7elikler i\u015flenmeye elveri\u015fli hale gelir.<\/div>

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K\u00fcreselle\u015ftirme tav\u0131, daha \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek karbonlu \u00e7eliklere uygulan\u0131r. D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck karbonlu \u00e7elikler nadiren k\u00fcreselle\u015ftirme tav\u0131na tabi tutulurlar. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu t\u00fcr \u00e7elikler k\u00fcreselle\u015ftirme tav\u0131 sonunda \u00e7ok yumu\u015farlar ve bu a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 yumu\u015fama tala\u015fl\u0131 i\u015flem s\u0131ras\u0131nda baz\u0131 zorluklar do\u011furur. Orta karbonlu \u00e7elikler ise yeterli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde s\u00fcneklik kazanmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in plastik \u015fekil verme i\u015fleminden \u00f6nce, bazen k\u00fcreselle\u015ftirme tav\u0131na tabi tutulurlar. K\u00fcreselle\u015ftirme tav\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda tavlama s\u00fcresinin iyi ayarlanmas\u0131 gerekir. E\u011fer \u00e7elik, gere\u011finden daha uzun s\u00fcre tavlan\u0131rsa sementit par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131 birle\u015ferek uzama g\u00f6sterirler ve bu durum \u00e7eli\u011fin i\u015flenme kabiliyetini olumsuz etkiler.<\/div>

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Yumu\u015fatma, k\u00fcreselle\u015ftirme ve normalizasyon i\u015flemleri \u00e7elikleri i\u015flenmeye elveri\u015fli hale getirmek amac\u0131yla uygulan\u0131r. Ancak, uygulanacak \u0131s\u0131l i\u015flem \u00e7eli\u011fin karbon oran\u0131na g\u00f6re se\u00e7ilir.<\/div>

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GER\u0130L\u0130M G\u0130DERME TAVI VE ARA TAVI<\/b><\/div>

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Gerilim giderme tav\u0131; d\u00f6k\u00fcm, kaynak ve so\u011fuk \u015fekil verme i\u015flemlerinden kaynaklanan i\u00e7 gerilmeleri azaltmak amac\u0131yla, metalik malzemeleri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131ndaki uygun bir s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011fa kadar \u0131s\u0131tma ve sonra yava\u015f so\u011futma i\u015flemidir. Bu i\u015flem, bazen d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya kritik s\u0131cakl\u0131k alt\u0131 tav\u0131 olarak da adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. \u00c7elik malzemeler 540\u00baC ile 630\u00baC s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131 aras\u0131nda gerilme giderme tav\u0131na tabi tutulurlar.<\/div>

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Ara tav\u0131 ise; gerilme giderme tav\u0131na \u00e7ok benzeyen bir i\u015flem olup, \u00f6tektoid alt\u0131 \u00e7eliklerden sac ve tel yap\u0131m\u0131nda so\u011fuk \u015fekillendirmeye devam edebilmek i\u00e7in \u00e7elik malzemelerin Ac1 d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n hemen alt\u0131ndaki bir s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011fa (550-680\u00baC) kadar \u0131s\u0131t\u0131l\u0131p, yeniden kristalle\u015fme sa\u011fland\u0131ktan sonra yava\u015f so\u011futulmas\u0131 i\u015flemidir.<\/div>

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SU VERME SERTLE\u015eT\u0130RMES\u0130<\/b><\/div>

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Tavlama i\u015fleminden sonra, \u00e7elikler yava\u015f ya da orta seviyedeki bir h\u0131zla so\u011futulduklar\u0131nda, ostenit i\u00e7erisinde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f durumda bulunan karbon atomlar\u0131 dif\u00fczyon ile ostenit yap\u0131dan ayr\u0131l\u0131rlar. So\u011fuma h\u0131z\u0131 artt\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, karbon atomlar\u0131 dif\u00fczyon ile kat\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zeltiden ayr\u0131lmak i\u00e7in yeterli zaman bulamazlar. Demir atomlar\u0131 bir miktar hareket etseler bile, karbon atomlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6zelti i\u00e7ersinde hapsedilmeleri nedeniyle farkl\u0131 bir yap\u0131 olu\u015fur. H\u0131zl\u0131 so\u011fuma sonucunda olu\u015fan bu yap\u0131ya \u201cmartenzit\u201d ad\u0131 verilir.<\/div>

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Martenzitin sertli\u011finin y\u00fcksek olmas\u0131n\u0131n en \u00f6nemli nedeni, kafes yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7arp\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Martenzitik d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u00e7elik malzemelerde bir miktar hacimsel b\u00fcy\u00fcme meydana gelir. S\u00f6z konusu hacimsel b\u00fcy\u00fcme, \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek d\u00fczeyde yerel gerilmeler olu\u015fturarak \u00e7eliklerin yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde \u00e7arp\u0131lmas\u0131na veya plastik \u015fekil de\u011fi\u015fimine u\u011framas\u0131na neden olur. Kafes yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7arp\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131, su verilen \u00e7eliklerin sertlik ve mukavemetini artt\u0131r\u0131r.<\/div>

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Su verme i\u015fleminden sonra olu\u015fan martenzit, mikroskop alt\u0131nda i\u011fne veya diken bi\u00e7iminde g\u00f6z\u00fck\u00fcr ve bazen saman demetini and\u0131ran bir g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm sergiler. \u00c7eliklerin \u00e7o\u011funda martenzitik yap\u0131 belirsiz ve soluktur, bu nedenle kolayca ay\u0131rt edilemez. Y\u00fcksek karbonlu \u00e7eliklerde ise kal\u0131nt\u0131 ostenit arka fonu olu\u015fturdu\u011fundan, martenzitin i\u011fne veya diken bi\u00e7imindeki yap\u0131s\u0131 daha belirgin bir g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm kazan\u0131r.<\/div>

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Martenzitik d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm yaln\u0131z so\u011fuma s\u0131ras\u0131nda meydana gelir. Bu nedenle, s\u00f6z konusu d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm zamandan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olup, yaln\u0131z s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n azalmas\u0131na yani so\u011fumaya ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Martenzitin en \u00f6nemli \u00f6zelli\u011fi, \u00e7ok sert bir faz olmas\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7eliklerde, sementitten sonra gelen en sert faz martenzittir. Y\u00fcksek sertlik de\u011ferleri, ancak yeterli oranda karbon i\u00e7eren \u00e7eliklerde elde edilir.<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tKumlama Nozul \u00c7e\u015fitleri<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t

VENTUR\u0130 T\u0130P KUMLAMA NOZULU<\/p>

NOZUL T\u0130P KODU<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/td>

\u00c7AP\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/td>

UZUNLUK\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

KUM-V 6\/135<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/td>

6mm<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/td>

135mm<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

KUM-V 8\/145<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/td>

8mm<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/td>

145mm<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

KUM-V 8\/170<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/td>

8mm<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/td>

170mm<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

KUM-V 10\/170<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/td>

10mm<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/td>

170mm<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

KUM-V 12\/170<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/td>

12mm<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/td>

170mm<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

KUM-V 12\/200<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/td>

12mm<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/td>

200mm<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>

NORMAL T\u0130P KUMLAMA NOZULU<\/p>

NOZUL T\u0130P KODU<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/td>

\u00c7AP\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/td>

UZUNLUK<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

KUM-S6<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/td>

6mm<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/td>

86mm<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

KUM-S8<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/td>

8mm<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/td>

86mm<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

KUM-S10<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/td>

10mm<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/td>

86mm<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

KUM-S12<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/td>

12mm<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/td>

86mm<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>

HORTUM \u0130\u00c7\u0130 KUMLAMA NOZULLARI<\/p>

NOZUL T\u0130P KODU<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/td>

\u0130\u00c7 \u00c7AP<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/td>

DI\u015e \u00c7AP<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/td>

UZUNLUK<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

KUM-H 6\/25<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/td>

6mm<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/td>

25mm<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/td>

100mm<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

KUM-H 8\/25<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/td>

8mm<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/td>

25mm<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/td>

100mm<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

KUM-H 10\/25<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/td>

10mm<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/td>

25mm<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/td>

100mm<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

KUM-H 6\/32<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/td>

6mm<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/td>

32mm<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/td>

110mm<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

KUM-H 8\/32<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/td>

8mm<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/td>

32mm<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/td>

110mm<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

KUM-H 10\/32<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/td>

10mm<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/td>

32mm<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/td>

110mm<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>

\u00a0<\/p>

TABANCA T\u0130P\u0130 KUMLAMA NOZULLARI<\/p>

A\u00c7ILI KUMLAMA NOZULLARI<\/p>

SULU KUMLAMA NOZULLAR<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tKumlama Y\u00fczey Standart\u0131 Nedir?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t

D\u00fcnyada kumlama y\u00fczeyi i\u00e7in \u00e7e\u015fitli standartlar olsa da belirgin olarak iki tane de\u011fer kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>

ULUSLAR ARASI STANDART : ISO 8501-1 (1988) BS 7079 :A1 (1988) ve ISO 8501-2 (1994)<\/p>

Boya \u00d6ncesi Haz\u0131rl\u0131k ve \u00c7elik Y\u00fczeylerde Koruma<\/p>

\u0130SVE\u00c7 STANDARDI : SIS 055900<\/p>

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Genel olarak yayg\u0131n \u015fekliyle b\u00fct\u00fcn \u015fartnamelerde minimum y\u00fczey temizlik gereksinimi olarak SA 2,5 talep edilmektedir.<\/p>

SA 2,5 , b\u00fcy\u00fctme olmaks\u0131z\u0131n y\u00fczeye bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, y\u00fczeyde g\u00f6zle g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir, ya\u011f, gres, kir, ta\u015flama izi, pas, boya kal\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 veya yabanc\u0131 madde g\u00f6r\u00fcnmeyecek \u015fekilde bir y\u00fczeyi ifade eder. Y\u00fczey temizli\u011finin de\u011ferlendirilmesinde herhangi bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fc ve de\u011ferlendirme aleti kullan\u0131lmamaktad\u0131r. Sadece ISO 8501-1 standart\u0131nda verilen resimlerle k\u0131yaslama yap\u0131labilmektedir<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Kumlama olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 hava ile kum p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtme i\u015flemindeki en \u00f6nemli aparatlar\u0131ndan birisi de kumlama hortumunun ucuna tak\u0131lan ve a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 gran\u00fcl\u00fcn istenilen \u015fekilde ve miktarda p\u00fcsk\u00fcrt\u00fclmesini sa\u011flayan kum p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtme memesi de denilen kumlama nozullar\u0131d\u0131r. <\/p>
Kumlama nozullar\u0131 hava hortum \u00e7ap\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrerek dar bo\u011faz olu\u015fturur, kumu belli b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckteki deliklerden ge\u00e7meye zorlayarak bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 bir \u015fekilde y\u00fczeye p\u00fcsk\u00fcrmesini de sa\u011flar. Kumlama nozulu \u00e7ap b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne g\u00f6re hava t\u00fcketim miktar\u0131n\u0131 belirlemekte etkilidir. Kumlama yap\u0131lacak i\u015fin durumuna g\u00f6re kumlama nozullar\u0131n\u0131n kesit alanlar\u0131 ve boylar\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fiklik g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/div>

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Gran\u00fcllerin p\u00fcsk\u00fcrt\u00fclmesi esnas\u0131nda nozulun i\u00e7 y\u00fczeyine yo\u011fun bir temas ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir. Bu s\u00fcrt\u00fcnme temas\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcnden, dayan\u0131m g\u00f6steren nozullar tercih edilmelidir. Kumlama s\u0131ras\u0131nda kum-hava kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131 nozulun i\u00e7 y\u00fczeyine yo\u011fun bir \u015fekilde etki eder, bu etki kumlama nozul \u00e7ap\u0131n\u0131n en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck oldu\u011fu yerde azami d\u00fczeydedir. Kumlama esnas\u0131nda uzun s\u00fcreli s\u00fcrt\u00fcnme ve a\u015f\u0131nmaya maruz kalan kumlama nozulunun a\u015f\u0131nmaya kar\u015f\u0131 en y\u00fcksek dirence sahip olmas\u0131 istenir. Aksi takdirde \u00e7ok k\u0131sa zaman aral\u0131klar\u0131nda nozulun de\u011fi\u015fmesi gerekmektedir. Kumlama nozullar\u0131nda olu\u015fan a\u015f\u0131nma sebebiyle kullan\u0131ld\u0131k\u00e7a nozul \u00e7aplar\u0131 artmaktad\u0131r.<\/div>

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Bu art\u0131\u015f kullan\u0131lan hava miktar\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131r ve bir s\u00fcre sonra kumlama nozulundan \u00e7\u0131kan bas\u0131nc\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcr. Bas\u0131nc\u0131 sabit olmayan kumlamalarda kumlanan y\u00fczeyde dalgalanma meydana gelir ve nozulun de\u011fi\u015fmesi gerekmektedir. <\/div>

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Kumlama i\u015fleminde harcanan hava miktar\u0131n\u0131 belirleyen, kumlama nozulunun i\u00e7 \u00e7ap\u0131d\u0131r. Bundan dolay\u0131 kumlama nozulu se\u00e7iminde, kullan\u0131lacak hava kompres\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00fcretti\u011fi bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 hava miktar\u0131 da g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. Nozul \u00e7ap\u0131nda meydana gelebilecek bir kat a\u015f\u0131nma sistemin hava ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 tam d\u00f6rt kat art\u0131racakt\u0131r ve bu da maliyetlerin artmas\u0131na sebep verir. Kumlama nozulu ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken dikkat edilmesi gereken en \u00f6nemli fakt\u00f6r, kullan\u0131lan sarf malzemesinin ebatlar\u0131d\u0131r. Hava ve kum kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n kumlama nozulunun ucundan verimli bir \u015fekilde p\u00fcsk\u00fcrt\u00fclmesi i\u00e7in, kullan\u0131lan a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 malzemenin kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n nozul \u00e7ap\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak se\u00e7ilmesi gerekmektedir. Genellikle kum taneci\u011fi boyutunun on kat daha b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7apta kumlama nozulu ile kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekmektedir.    \u00d6rnek vermek gerekirse, 800 mikron tane b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne sahip olan sarf malzemesi kumun p\u00fcsk\u00fcrt\u00fclebilmesi i\u00e7in en az\u0131ndan 8 mm \u00e7ap\u0131ndaki kumlama nozulu kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 hava ve kumlama sarf malzemesi t\u00fcketimindeki art\u0131\u015f kumlama nozulu \u00e7ap\u0131n\u0131n karesiyle do\u011fru orant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. Bu sebepten \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc kumlama nozulu i\u00e7 \u00e7ap\u0131ndaki de\u011fi\u015fimin kullan\u0131lan kumun t\u00fcketimi ile do\u011frudan bir ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 vard\u0131r.<\/div>

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Dikkat edilmesi gereken bir di\u011fer \u00f6nemli durum ise kullan\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 zamanlarda kumlama nozulunun adapt\u00f6rden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131larak kendi kutusunda muhafaza edilmesidir. Kumlama nozullar\u0131 g\u00f6rece sert bir maden olan karb\u00fcrden \u00fcretilmi\u015f olup a\u015f\u0131nmaya ve s\u00fcrt\u00fcnmeye kar\u015f\u0131 son derece dayan\u0131kl\u0131 olmalar\u0131na ra\u011fmen \u00fczerlerine gelebilecek darbelere ayn\u0131 dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6steremezler ve k\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rlar. Bu sebepten \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc kullan\u0131lmayacaklar\u0131 zaman a\u00e7\u0131kta ve yere b\u0131rak\u0131lmamas\u0131, kendi kutusunda muhafaza edilmesi kumlama nozulunun \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fc uzatmak a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemlidir.<\/div>

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Nozullar\u0131n \u00f6zellik, \u00e7ap ve uzunluklar\u0131na g\u00f6re \u00e7e\u015fitleri bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/span>
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KUMLAMA NOZULU T\u0130PLER\u0130<\/b><\/div>